Physically Verifying the First Nonzero Term in a Sequence: Physical ZKPs for ABC End View and Goishi Hiroi. (arXiv:2304.12388v1 [cs.CR])

In this paper, we develop a physical protocol to verify the first nonzero
term of a sequence using a deck of cards. This protocol enables a prover to
show a verifier the value of the first nonzero term in a given sequence without
revealing which term it is. Our protocol uses $\Theta(1)$ shuffles, making it
simpler and more practical than a similar protocol recently developed by
Fukusawa and Manabe in 2022, which uses $\Theta(n)$ shuffles, where $n$ is the
length …

abc end length making physical protocol value verify