Inverting Cryptographic Hash Functions via Cube-and-Conquer. (arXiv:2212.02405v2 [cs.CR] UPDATED)

MD4 and MD5 are seminal cryptographic hash functions proposed in early 1990s.
MD4 consists of 48 steps and produces a 128-bit hash given a message of
arbitrary finite size. MD5 is a more secure 64-step extension of MD4. Both MD4
and MD5 are vulnerable to practical collision attacks, yet it is still not
realistic to invert them, i.e. to find a message given a hash. In 2007, the
39-step version of MD4 was inverted via reducing to SAT and applying …

attacks collision cube extension functions hash hash functions md5 message size vulnerable