How is data transmitted to the attacker in a cache side-channel attack?

I've been researching CPU cache side-channel attacks and am struggling to understand how they technically work. Here are some of my doubts -

1. I understand that software attacks on hardware cache generally involve the attacker manipulating the cache lines, and then evaluating how this affects future cache activity from either the victim or the attacker. I've also read about attacks that 'detect' evicted cache lines. In the former case, I understand the delta in execution time can allow the …

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