How do red teams operate?

Hello, as someone who is just starting out in red teaming, I have a question about ensuring the authenticity of red team exercises.

My question is: how do red teams perform these exercises and ensure that the results are accurate? Do they typically attack from outside the network, or do they perform the exercise internally?

If red teams perform the exercise internally, how can they ensure that a real attacker would achieve the same results? After all, a real attacker …

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