Does the US government get a list of passenger of flights outside of US airspace?

I know that US gets passanger manifests of flights to/from US, but can they track passangers flying from other countries to another ones? Like do they know by default, without spionage, that some person was shutteling from Iran to let's say Afganistan back and forth for years prior to the flight to US? Or maybe more vague, EU-Iran prior to US (EU is more collaborative I presume)?

airspace back can countries default flights government iran list privacy track