Decentralised Repeated Modular Squaring Service Revisited: Attack and Mitigation

ePrint Report: Decentralised Repeated Modular Squaring Service Revisited: Attack and Mitigation

Aydin Abadi, Steven J. Murdoch

Repeated modular squaring plays a crucial role in various time-based cryptographic primitives, such as Time-Lock Puzzles and Verifiable Delay Functions. At ACM CCS 2021, Thyagarajan et al. introduced “OpenSquare”, a decentralised protocol that lets a client delegate the computation of repeated modular squaring to third-party servers while ensuring that these servers are compensated only if they deliver valid results. In this work, we unveil …

acm attack cryptographic eprint report functions lock mitigation modular protocol report role service