ARK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerator with Runtime Data Generation and Inter-Operation Key Reuse. (arXiv:2205.00922v2 [cs.CR] UPDATED)

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the most promising post-quantum
cryptographic schemes which enable privacy-preserving computation on servers.
However, noise accumulates as we perform operations on HE-encrypted data,
restricting the number of possible operations. Fully HE (FHE) removes this
restriction by introducing the bootstrapping operation, which refreshes the
data; however, FHE schemes are highly memory-bound. Bootstrapping, in
particular, requires loading GBs of evaluation keys and plaintexts from
off-chip memory, which makes FHE acceleration fundamentally bottlenecked by the
off-chip memory bandwidth. …

data encryption homomorphic encryption key runtime