An Empirical Study on Ethereum Private Transactions and the Security Implications. (arXiv:2208.02858v1 [cs.CR])

Recently, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms on Ethereum are booming, and
numerous traders are trying to capitalize on the opportunity for maximizing
their benefits by launching front-running attacks and extracting Miner
Extractable Values (MEVs) based on information in the public mempool. To
protect end users from being harmed and hide transactions from the mempool,
private transactions, a special type of transactions that are sent directly to
miners, were invented. Private transactions have a high probability of being
packed to the front …

ethereum security study