A Survey on DNS Encryption: Current Development, Malware Misuse, and Inference Techniques. (arXiv:2201.00900v2 [cs.CR] UPDATED)

The domain name system (DNS) that maps alphabetic names to numeric Internet
Protocol (IP) addresses plays a foundational role for Internet communications.
By default, DNS queries and responses are exchanged in unencrypted plaintext,
and hence, can be read and/or hijacked by third parties. To protect user
privacy, the networking community has proposed standard encryption technologies
such as DNS over TLS (DoT), DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and DNS over QUIC (DoQ) for
DNS communications, enabling clients to perform secure and private …

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